论民众抗争的“出大事”逻辑:情境、机理与治理

On the “Big Event” Logic of Social Contradiction:Situation,Mechanism and Governance

改革开放以来,伴随着社会结构的重大变迁,社会的不确定性、复杂性逐渐增强,现代性的风险在不断集聚,国家与社会的结构性冲突逐步显现,人民内部的矛盾急剧累积。尤其是经济增长与社会发展的不平衡、不协调甚至断裂,成为当今中国群体性突发事件或社会抗争事件频出的渊薮,使"抗争政治"成为当前学术界研究的焦点议题之一。正是在这种社会情境中,民众为了使自身的利益诉求得以有效表达并引起政府的重视,在社会抗争事件中主要遵循"将事情闹大",即"出大事"逻辑,主要运用较为主动的、积极的、选择性的策略主义。从这种逻辑形成的内在机理来看,社会转型的影响,是通过"相对剥夺感""利益表达与救济梗阻""发展型地方主义"等作用机制来实现的。民众抗争的"出大事"情结及其再生产,将给社会集聚更大的风险与危机。消解民众抗争"出大事"逻辑,实现基层社会的真正稳定与和谐,我们需要从建构共建共治共享的社会治理体系、畅通民众的利益表达与救济机制、推进"六位一体"的社会建设等方面下大功夫。

Since the reform and opening up, along with the major changes in social structure, the social un- certainty and complexity of society have gradually increased, the risks of modernity have continuously gathered, the structural conflicts between the state and society have gradually emerged, and the contradictions among peo- ple have accumulated sharply. In particular, the unbalanced, uncoordinated, and even fractured economic growth and social development have caused the frequent mass incidents in China. Therefore, the phenomena have be- come one of the focus issues in the current academic research. In this social context, in order to effectively ex- press the interest claims and attract the attention of government, the person concerned prefers to follow the ＂big event＂ logic, which means ＂making a big deal out of it＂, mainly using active and selective strategies. Judging from the internal mechanism of this logic, the article presents that the impact of social transformation is achieved mainly through the mechanisms of ＂relative deprivation＂, ＂obstruction of interest expression and relief＂, and ＂de- velopmental localism＂. The＂big event＂ complex and its reproduction will bring greater risks and crises to the so- ciety. To dispel the logic of ＂big event＂ in social contradiction and achieve real stability and harmony in the grass-roots society, we need to build a social governance system featuring in consultation, contribution and shared benefits, smooth the public＇s interest expression and relief mechanism, and promote the ＂six-in-one＂ so- cial construction.