巫山玉米洞遗址石制品原料利用策略分析

Strategic analysis on the utilization of lithic raw material from Yumidong site in Wushan, Chongqing

玉米洞遗址因石灰岩石器而备受关注，文章拟在＂资源域＂概念指导下对玉米洞遗址石制品原料利用策略和石器工业面貌成因进行考察分析，进而探讨该遗址古人类的行为模式及文化传统。从原料资源条件和古人类利用策略的关联性来看，石灰岩能够成为玉米洞遗址石制品原料的首选，是古人类在充分认知和权衡遗址周边资源分布的一种被动选择，石制品技术和工业面貌受制于石灰岩原料特殊的质量和形态，原料决定论在该遗址有着非常契合的表现。在原料资源不利的情况下，古人类采取扬长避短、灵活务实的策略主动适应现有的资源条件和原料特性。同时，原料开发利用的策略和方式也在一定程度上反映了偶遇式和嵌入式的原料获取方式以及流动性较低的迁徙组织形式。

The Yumidong site （30°50＇44.4″N, 109°38＇09.2″E; 1085 m a.s.l）is a newly-discovered Paleolithic site in Wushan which excavated a large number of lithic artifacts and animal fossils. The lithic assemblage may represent material clues of a potential local technological center of origin in unique technical world of South China. The Yumidong site is of specific characteristic not only because of the lithic assemblage and technology, but also because of the raw material of limestone.This paper attempts to explore the utilization strategies of materials through investigation and analysis of source, distribution, quality and morphology of raw materials. According to the relationship between raw material resource and human utilization strategy, the limestone can be the first choice for the lithics of the Yumidong site, which is a passive choice for the ancient human beings to fully cognize and weigh the resources distribution around the site. The technology and features of lithics are subject to the special quality and form of limestone raw materials, Raw material determinism has a very consistent performance at this site.In the adverse situation of raw material resources, the ancient human of Yumidong site has taken the initiative to adopt the strategy of avoiding short, flexible and pragmatic to adapt to the existing resource conditions and material characteristics. At the same time, the strategies and methods of raw material exploitation also reflect the way of encounter and embedded raw material acquisition mode and the low fluidity of the migration organization.