HIV检测技术在血液筛查中的应用与发展

The application and development of HIV detection in Chinese blood screening

人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）可以通过输血或血液制品传播,对血液安全造成巨大威胁,血液筛查技术是保障血液安全的关键措施。尽管目前HIV血液筛查技术已经得到飞速发展,从最初不敏感的抗体检测,到灵敏度提高的核酸检测,使HIV经输血传播得到很好控制,但由于HIV感染早期抗体浓度低,核酸检测不能检测出变异株等问题依然存在,因此避免HIV检测窗口期输血感染是一个挑战,受血者仍有感染HIV的风险。在本文中,我们回顾了HIV检测技术的发展,并讨论了HIV检测技术在中国血液筛查应用中的新变化,为我国HIV血液筛查策略研究提供参考。

Human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） can be transmitted through blood transfusion and is thus considered a primary threat to blood safety. Blood screening is key to blood safety. Testing advances, including nucleic acid and antigen detection, have reduced the window period of HIV infection and thus reduced the transfusion transmitted infection of HIV significantly. However, the detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus （ HIV- 1） at acute infection stage still presents a challenge, since the antibody-based technologies fail to cope with extremely low concentrations of antibodies while low concentration also makes it difficult for NAT to detect variant strains. Therefore, the risk of HIV infection cannot be ignored. Here, we review the development of HIV testing and discuss the new changes of it in Chinese transfusion medicine to provide references to explore improved detection methods for our country.