微生物与核废料的长期管理

Microorganisms and Nuclear Waste Management

近年来,开发利用地下空间引起广泛关注,建设地下生态宜居城市、构建深地科学实验室进行科学探索等相关问题成为研究的热点.地下生活着种类繁多的微生物,它们包括古菌、细菌和真菌,这些地下微生物对开发利用地下空间起着不可忽视的作用.目前研究发现:在核废料的长期管理中,硫酸盐还原菌的活动会导致地下工程设施的腐蚀,地下微生物气体产量会导致地下空间气压变化,这些微生物作用都可能对核废料处置室和核废料容器的性能产生负面影响.概述了地下微生物的研究现状及其对核废料长期管理的影响.

In recent years,the development and utilization of underground space has gained increasing interests and the construction of underground ecological livable cities and deep underground laboratories of science and engineering has become realities and achievable goals. However, abundant and diverse groups of underground microorganisms, such asarchaea, bacteria and fungi, will impact substantially on human development and utilization of underground space, of which one issue is how microorganisms affect the management of underground waste disposal. The results demonstrate that the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria leads to the corrosion of underground engineering facilities and gas produced by the underground microorganism has a negative impact on the performance of nuclear waste disposal chambers and nuclear waste containers since it changes the underground space pressure during the long-term management of nuclear waste. This paper outlines the current understandings of the underground microorganisms and the implications for the long-term management of nuclear waste.