油藏环境石油烃厌氧生物降解产甲烷途径与生物标志物

Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Degradation in Oil Reservoir Environment

油藏环境石油烃厌氧生物降解产甲烷过程是生物地球化学的基础问题之一;同时,由于油藏环境微生物在微生物采油、生物腐蚀及生物治理等方面具有重要的应用价值,已经受到国际同行高度关注.近10多年来,随着分子生物学技术、特别是新一代测序技术的发展,为深入认识这一特殊地质环境中烃厌氧生物降解过程提供了新的研究手段.本文以油藏环境石油烃厌氧生物降解途径和生物标志物为重点,综述了石油烃厌氧降解产甲烷机理方面的最新成果,以及宏基因组测序分析手段在油藏相关样品方面的应用及研究进展,讨论了油藏残余油生物气化开采的微生物基础,提出了该领域进一步研究的方向.

Anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation in oil reservoirs has gained considerable attention owing to its extreme environment and significant affect on oil recovery. Despite the fact that anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation has been extensively studied under various environments, the insitu degradation mechanism in oil reservoirs remains poorly known. With the development of sequencing technology, omic-based analysis will be increasingly applied in oil reservoir samples, providing a new methodology for revealing the hydrocarbon degradation process in this specific geological environment. This review summarized recent advances in in-situ hydrocarbon degradation researches in oil reservoirs and metagenomebased analysis of oil reservoir samples, providing new insights for further studies.