宁夏2005年和2014年中小学生低血红蛋白筛查结果

Hemoglobin screening among primary and middle school students in Ningxia in the year of 2005 and 2014

目的了解宁夏儿童低血红蛋白变化趋势,并探索其与体质量指数(BMI)之间的关系,为宁夏儿童贫血防治工作提供可靠的数据资料。方法从2005年和2014年宁夏学生体质与健康调研资料中抽取7,9,12和14岁儿童7 671名,分析9年间儿童低血红蛋白流行趋势,并分析低血红蛋白与BMI的关系。结果中小学生总低血红蛋白检出率从2005年的6.7%增加到2014年的8.8%,定基比增长速度为31.3%,低血红蛋白检出率整体呈上升趋势。2005年男、女生低血红蛋白检出率分别为6.4%,6.9%,2014年分别为8.1%,9.4%,仅女生之间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=8.31,P=0.00),2014年高于2005年。2005年和2014年城乡和片区之间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。不同经济片区低血红蛋白检出率由高到低2005年为差>中>好(好片:2.1%,中片:3.0%,差片:12.5%),2014年为好>中>差(好片:10.8%,中片:8.7%,差片:5.9%)。不同BMI水平学生低血红蛋白检出率差异无统计学意义,但是女生肥胖与低血红蛋白呈正相关(OR=2.05,95%CI=1.14～3.67)。结论学生低血红蛋白检出率呈上升趋势,女生高于男生,乡村学生高于城市学生,回族学生高于汉族学生,学生低血红蛋白检出率形势不容乐观。

Objective To understand the changes in low hemoglobin count and its relationship with body mass index（ BMI） in Ningxia children. Methods A total of 7 671 children aged 7, 9, 12 and 14 years old were selected from the Chinese National Survey on Student＇s Constitution and Health of Ningxia in the year of 2005 and 2014. The prevalence of low hemoglobin count in children and its relationship with BMI was analyzed. Results The prevalence of low hemoglobin significantly increased from6.7% in 2005 to 8.8% in 2014. Percentage change from baseline was 31.3%. The percentage of male and female students with low hemoglobin was（ 6.4%, 6.9%） in 2005, and（ 8.1%, 9.4%） in 2014. The difference was statistically significant among females. Significant difference was found between urban and rural areas in both 2005 and 2014（ P〈0.05）. The prevalence of low hemoglobin was highest in low economic regions（ 12.5%） in 2005, followed by moderate（ 3.0%） and high economic area（ 2.1%）. The prevalence was found highest in high economic regions（ 10.8%） in 2014, followed by moderate（ 8.7%） and low economic areas（ 5.9%）. No significant differences in prevalence of low hemoglobin were found among students with different BMI levels, however, female obesity positively correlated with low hemoglobin（ OR = 2.049, 95%CI = 1.14-3.67）. Conclusion The increasing trend in low hemoglobin prevalence is observed, especially among girls, rural areas and Hui ethnic students.