基于互联网地图服务的开封市就医可达性分析

Accessibility to medical care services of urban residents based on internet map service in Kaifeng City

通过构造爬虫,利用基于ArcGIS开发的交通线路与时耗工具,以加权最优时间路径模型测度开封市高峰期与非高峰期居住用地尺度的自驾就医可达性空间变化特征,并结合房价空间大数据从城市扩张等视角探讨其驱动形成机制。研究表明:(1)开封市就医可达性等级频率分布中,医院表现出明显的等级分异特征;(2)高峰期"中等"可达性水平的基础性医院数量相比非高峰有好转趋势;(3)各就医可达性水平在空间上亦呈现出显著的空间分异和空间集聚性,新老城区差异明显,大体呈现出由老城区向外围衰减的特征;(4)可达性水平在高峰期的变化波动均为其它可达性等级在不同程度上的转变结果,高峰期出行对老城区边界范围就医可达性影响最为显著。分析发现城市建成区的快速扩张和城市规划建设重点发展方向的双重作用致使开封市新城区与原有的医院在空间布局上产生错位,直接掣肘着新城区居住用地自驾就医可达性的提升。此外,开封市自驾就医可达性的空间格局是在交通现状、历史延续、就医偏好和市场经济等多重因素下共同作用形成的。

Developing traffic routes and time-consumption tools based on Internet map service by Web crawler program, the spatial variation＇pattern of self-driving mode medical accessibility of residential areas in the peak and off-peak periods in Kaifeng city by weighted optimal time path model. Combined with house prices spatial big data explore its formation mechanism from the urban expansion and others. We found that in the frequency distribution of medical accessibility level in Kaifeng, hospitals showed obvious hierarchical characteristics. The number of basic hospitals at the ＂middle＂ accessibility level in the peak period is better than the off-peak period.The level of medical accessibility also shows significant spatial variation＇pattern and spatial agglomeration characteristics in the spatial pattern, and declines from the old city to the peripheral area. The change of accessibility level at peak time is the result of transformation of other accessibility level to varying degrees, and peak travel has the most significant impact on the accessibility of the residential area in the old urban boundary. Analysis and discovery the spatial mismatch of new urban area and the original hospital caused by rapid urban built-up areas expansion and the key development direction of urban planning limit the accessibility of selfdriving mode medical treatment in the residential land of the new urban area. In addition, the spatial pattern of self-driving mode medical accessibility in Kaifeng was formed by the traffic status, history continuation, combination of medical treatment preference and market economy.