药物滥用犯罪者的社会心理干预:借鉴美国经验运用到中国语境中

Psychosocial Interventions for Substance-Abusing Criminal Offenders:Borrowing US Experience for the Chinese Context

几十年来,美国狱内干预和社区康复计划的评估和研究取得了很大的进展,并得出了许多有希望的结论,这些结论可以在出现药物滥用问题的国家中分享和被效仿。我们通过对有前景的社会心理干预(最值得注意的是认知行为干预、权变管理和动机晤谈)的文献回顾,反思美国积累的经验,并从这些原则和研究中学到东西,特别是在中国语境中的应用。美国在该领域数十年研究的最佳经验包括:(1)避免重复劳动(2)并接受有效的社会心理干预的基本原则;(2)建立一个治疗环境,使药物滥用者了解人情世故并促进其重新融入社会;(3)采用廉价但严谨的评估策略,为治疗的逐步改善提供证据。文章还讨论了中国社会文化背景下的具体挑战,并提出了改善世界上人口最多的国家药物滥用的途径和服务的建议。

Research and evaluation studies on in-prison interventions and community rehabilitative programs in the USA have made much progress in recent decades and produced many promising findings that can be shared and perhaps emulated in countries with emerging substance misuse problems. Drawing from our own research and review of the literature on promising psychosocial interventions—most notably,cognitive-behavioral interventions,contingency management,and motivational interviewing,we reflect on what we have personally learned from the principles and research accumulated from the USA with a particular application for the Chinese context. The best lessons from decades of research in this field in the USA include：（ 1） avoid reinventing the wheel and embrace the basic principles of effective psychosocial interventions,（ 2） develop a treatment environment that humanizes substance misusers and promotes social reintegration,and（ 3） employ inexpensive but rigorous evaluation strategies to provide evidence for incremental improvement in treatment. Specific challenges in the Chinese sociocultural context are also discussed and recommendations made for improved access and services in the treatment of substance misuse in the world＇s most populous country.