非法经营罪司法乱象及规范回归路径

Judicial Disorder in Crime of Illegal Business Operation and Path of Regression

非法经营罪设立之后,通过司法解释及司法实践的扩张适用,使得该罪规制的行为类型愈发广泛。这主要是由于"严打"思维的延续以及对"宽严相济"刑事司法政策的误读,使得重刑化、司法犯罪化倾向在实践中不断得到巩固和加强。在最高司法机关的"破法"解释及类推解释的带领下,司法实践中上行下效,使得非法经营罪涵摄的范围愈发广泛,规范性、明确性愈发丧失,成为名副其实的"口袋罪"。破解这一司法乱象需要从两个方面入手:在微观层面上,确立非法经营罪的解释规则,以形式违法性、实质违法性以及兜底条款同质性解释规则的遵循为解释路径,校验行为与规范之间的符合性;在宏观层面上,由最高司法机关通过司法审查、对司法解释的厘清来对罪刑法定原则、存疑有利于被告理念进行宣扬,同时立法机关应当发挥立法监督作用,对司法解释的合法性进行审查,发挥立法统一性和协调性,衔接好前置法与刑法的关系。

Since the crime of illegal business operation was established,it has been covering more and more types through the expansion of judicial interpretation and practice. This is mainly due to the impact of severe striking thinking and the misinterpretation of the judicial policy of temper justice with mercy,making the tendency of severe punishment and judicial criminalization constantly strengthened. Guided by the judicial interpretation of ＂breaking the law＂ and analogical interpretation of supreme judicial organs enact,the practice makes a wider range of the crime of illegal business operation. With the demise of regulation and clarity,＂pocket crime＂comes into being. We can solve this judicial disorder in the following two aspects. At a micro level,we should establish interpretation rule of the crime of illegal business operation,following the interpretation path of formally illegality,substantial illegality and homogeneity interpretation in save clauses so as to check the conformity between behavior and provision. At a macro level,by clarifying the judicial review and interpretation,the supreme judicial organ should advocate the principle of statutory crime and ＂the accused presumed innocent until proven guilty＂. Simultaneously,the legislature should play a supervisory role of examining the legitimacy of the judicial interpretation to unity and coordinate the relationship between the preposition law and the criminal law.