禽霍乱新型疫苗的研究进展

Progress in Development of New-type Vaccines against Fowl Cholera

禽霍乱是一种禽类的接触性、系统性传染病,发病率和致死率高,给养禽业发展造成巨大的经济损失。随着病原菌抗生素耐药问题的日益严重,疫苗应成为防控该病的主要手段。目前应用于我国家禽产业的疫苗包括传统的灭活苗和弱毒苗,但它们具有一定缺陷,如油乳灭活苗交叉保护差;自然弱毒株遗传背景不明,毒力时而返强等。因此,研制安全、高效、制备方便的新型疫苗是迫切需求,也是未来研究的趋势。本文针对近年来开发的减毒疫苗、亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗等多种禽霍乱新型疫苗进行综述,为研制更安全有效的疫苗提供一定的参考。

Fowl cholera is a contagious and systemic disease of poultry worldwide caused by the species Pasteurella multocida, causing high morbidity and mortality and severe economic losses to poultry industry. As the prevalence of multidrug resistance among Pasteurella multocida isolates has continuously increased, immunization methods, the most potent preventive measure should become the main tool for controlling the disease. The current commercial vaccines contain traditional inactivated vaccine and empirically derived live vaccines, however, they exhibit some defects. The former provides limited cross protection against heterologous serotypes; genetic background of the latter is not known and reversion to virulence occurs. Thus, novel vaccines against fowl cholera are urgently required. Here, we summarized the development of a variety of new type vaccines against fowl cholera including attenuated live vaccine, subunit vaccine and DNA vaccine, to promote the exploration of new vaccines with safety and effective protection.