替代效应还是互补效应?——商业化知识生产对学术知识生产的影响

Substitution Effect or Complement Effect?Impact of Academic Patenting on Scientific Publications

以清华大学12个工科院系的714位教师为研究对象,采用逆概率的加权处理估计方法,分析了商业化知识生产(学术专利申请)对学术知识生产(学术论文发表)的影响。结果发现:学术专利申请对学术论文发表存在替代效应,即学术专利申请会显著地负向影响SCI论文发表的质量和中文论文发表的数量,这种替代效应在博士毕业于清华大学的清华大学教师样本中是显著的,在非博士毕业于清华大学的清华大学教师样本中不显著;学术专利申请对学术论文发表的替代效应还广泛存在于清华大学教师考核和晋升制度改革前(2000年以前)入校的清华大学教师样本中;对于制度改革后入校的教师来说,学术专利申请对学术论文发表的数量存在互补效应。

Using the sample of 714 scientists from 12 different departments of Tsinghua University, this paper investigates the relationship between paper publications and patents by the inverse probability of treatment weighted estimation. The results show as follows：academic patent applications show a substitution effect on publications; the impact of the patent on citation and Chinese publication are significantly negative; these findings still hold for those who obtained PhD. degree from Tsinghua University, and those who entered Tsinghua University before 2000 when a new recruiting policy took effect; for those joining Tsinghua University after 2000, however, patenting has a significant positive effect on research publications.