也论隐喻为什么可能

A Review on How Metaphors are Possible

本文提出隐喻的"关系范畴模型"以回答徐盛桓教授提出的"隐喻为什么可能"之问。有四点发现:(1)隐喻本体和喻体的关系基于模糊逻辑;(2)隐喻义的产生基于可能世界的"对等项对应"关系;(3)本体和喻体之间的范畴联系中介(相似性)具有关系属性;(4)隐喻得以"据事假物"是基于关系范畴的双重性。这四点发现说明隐喻是一个复杂系统;认识论层面承认隐喻的复杂系统属性有着重要的方法论意义,意味着当下对隐喻之问的任何一种基于特定研究范式的解答都会有所纰漏,其彻底解答必须通过超学科研究范式。和当下复杂系统理论和认知科学进展相呼应,本文认为该问题的超学科研究需要以下方向的协作:(1)在反思计算主义的基础上采取涉身认知—嵌入式认知—延展认知到生成认知的心智哲学研究进路;(2)寻找隐喻的神经相关物的生物学进路;(3)强调自组织演化的认知的动力系统研究进路。

This paper makes efforts to respond the question of HowMetaphors are Possible proposed by Mr.Xu Shenghuan with the model of relationship category. The conclusions are as follows. First,the relations between metaphor topic and vehicle are based on fuzzy logic. Second,the metaphorical meanings rely on counterpart correspondence which logically accounts for possible world. Third,the categorization of the topic and the vehicle is mediated by relational similarity. And fourth,identification of relational similarity is based on the duplicity of the relationship category. The above findings indicate that metaphor is a complex system in terms of epistemology.And to recognize the complexity property of metaphor epistemologically is of great importance in methodology,which implies that none of a current specific solution based on a certain research paradigm other than a transdisciplinary approach is perfect. In correspondence with the Complexity System Theory and the development of cognitive science,this paper advocates that the transdisciplinary study of the question needs the cooperation of the following three aspects as the philosophical study of mind based on embodied-embedded-extended-enactive turn,the biological study identifying the neural correlates,and the dynamic system approach to cognition emphasizing the evolution of self-organization.