20世纪上半叶暹罗排华运动初探

The Analysis of Chinese Exclusion Movement in the First Half of the 20th Century in Siam

暹罗自始是南洋华侨主要聚居地之一。早期,占全暹人口数比重较大的华侨多从事工商业,有一定的经济势力,且与暹人相处和睦。1910年,新税制的实施成为暹华两族关系的转折点,拉玛六世改变自然同化的方式开始有意识地对华侨进行强制性同化,銮披汶·颂堪执政时期更是开展立法和暴力兼行的排华运动。暹罗常被作为自然同化的成功典范,实际上,其不仅对华侨采取不同程度的同化,在銮披汶强权独裁时期,歧视、排挤华侨的特征更是十分明显,"排挤"与"同化"的并存,是20世纪上半叶暹罗华侨政策的主要特点。

Siam is one of the main settlements of overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia. In the early days,the overseas Chinese,who accounted for the largest proportion of the total population of Siam,were engaged in industry and commerce and had some economic power. And they were in harmony with Siamese. In 1910,the implementation of the new tax system became a turning point in the relationship between the two communities of Siam and China. Vajiravudh changed the way of natural assimilation and began to use the compulsory measure to assimilate overseas Chinese consciously. In the period of the reign of Luang Pibul Songgram,Luang Pibul Songgram launched the campaign with legislation and violence to exclude overseas Chinese. Siam is often used as a model of success for natural assimilation. In fact,it is not only adopted assimilation of overseas Chinese to varying degrees,but in the period of power dictatorship of Luang Pibul Songgram,the characteristics of discrimination and exclusion of overseas Chinese were even more pronounced.The coexistence of＂expulsion＂and＂assimilation＂is the main feature of Siam Overseas Chinese Policy in the first half of the 20th century.