不同年龄段正常儿童颅腔容积的生长发育研究

Study on the growth of intracranial volumes in normal children of different ages

目的通过对不同年龄段正常儿童颅腔容积的测量与分析，进一步了解其生长发育的规律。方法收集在复旦大学附属儿科医院2015年6月1日至7月31日因头部外伤行头颅CT检查的患儿资料，共151例，男96例，女55例，均排除颅脑畸形或颅骨凹陷性骨折。通过CT手动定点测量总颅腔容积及前、中、后颅腔的容积。采用Graphpad Prism 6.0对数据进行统计及绘图。以年龄为横坐标，颅腔容积为纵坐标绘制散点图，根据不同分组统计的散点图趋势绘制对数曲线拟合和直线回归并进行比较分析。结果各颅腔容积在2岁前均处于快速增长期。女性儿童的总颅腔容积在不同年龄段均小于男性儿童。2岁内儿童前后颅腔容积的回归直线斜率分别为3.341和8.499，两者差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论正常儿童颅腔容积在2岁内处于快速增长期，且后颅腔容积的增长更快于前颅腔。女性儿童的颅腔容积小于男性。

Objective The purpose of this study was to measure intracranial volumes in normal children of different ages and to explore the growth of intracranial volumes.Methods A total of 151 normal children （male, 96; female, 55） were included in this study who were subjected to computed tomography （CT） for head trauma in the pediatric emergency room from June 1, 2015 to July 31, 2015. All of them had no congenital deformities and depressed fracture of the skull. Total, anterior, middle and posterior intracranial volumes were measured using a DICOM viewer. The Graphad Prism 6.0 was applied to analyze the data and plot the best fit logarithmic growth curve and liner regression and the comparison of the growth curves between different groups was done.Results The intracranial volumes had a rapid growth within 2 years old. The girls′ total intracranial volumes were smaller than the boys′ of the same age. There was a significant difference of linear regression slope between anterior intracranial volumes and posterior intracranial volumes within 2 years old （P〈0.01）.Conclusions There is a rapid growth of intracranial volumes of normal children within 2 years old. The posterior intracranial volumes are expanded faster than the anterior intracranial volumes in the first two years. The girls′ intracranial volumes are smaller than the boys′.