液力对深孔加工刀具及工具的稳定作用

Stabilizing Effect of Hydraulic Force on Tool of Deep-hole Drilling

针对深孔刀具长径比大、刚性差、易偏斜、弯曲和振动的问题,提出利用切削液的作用稳定深孔加工刀具和工具。切削液流过钻杆、顺锥、钻头和冷却切削部位后带着铁屑从钻头、顺锥和钻杆的内孔流出。顺锥与已加工深孔孔壁构成环状间隙,切削液流过顺锥时,从大间隙流向小间隙,当顺锥及与其固定连接的深孔刀具系统出现偏心时,切削液推动顺锥,消除或减小刀具系统的偏心距。通过探讨螺旋槽结构对稳定深孔电火花加工电极的作用可知,在电极外圆表面加工多条螺旋浅槽,使液体快速绕电极外表面旋转产生陀螺作用,可以提高电极稳定性和抗干扰能力,防止走偏;液力对深孔加工刀具和工具有稳定效果。

In view of the large depth to diameter ratios of deep hole cutting tool,poor rigidity,deflection,bending and vibration, using the effect of cutting fluid to stabilize the tool of deep hole machining are put forward. The cutting fluid flows through the drill pipe, the cone, the drill bit, the cutting part, and flows out from the inner hole with chips. The cutting fluid flows through the tapered hole from the large gap to the small one, when eccentricity occurs in the cone and the deep-hole drilling system, the cutting fluid pushes the cone to eliminate or reduce the eccentricity of the cutter system. The effect of spiral groove structure on stabilizing deep hole EDM（ Electric Discharge Machining） electrode is discussed. Several helical shallow grooves are machined on the outer surface of the electrode, which makes the liquid rotate rapidly around the outer surface of the electrode and produced gyroscopic effect to improve the ability of anti-interference and prevent deviation. The research shows that the hydraulic force can stabilize the tool of deep hole machining.