帆船整体空气动力性能的数值模拟

Numerical Simulation of Aerodynamic Performance of Whole Sailboat

针对帆船船体与帆翼之间存在空气动力性能相互影响的问题,基于雷诺平均方程和Standardk-ε湍流模型,对帆船的整体空气动力性能进行数值模拟和分析。首先考虑帆翼在有、无船体2种情况下,计算得到不同攻角下的帆翼升力系数和阻力系数,以及不同相对风向角下的帆船整体推力系数和横向力系数,通过对比验证帆翼和船体的气动力之间存在着较强的非线性干扰。同时建立帆船整体空气动力数据库,在不同相对风向下,根据帆船气动力随攻角的变化曲线,得到帆船整体的最大推力系数,最终生成不同相对风向角下的最佳操帆规则,为帆船驾驶人员实时调整帆角提供理论依据和数据参考。

To solve the mutual influence problem of the aerodynamic performance between the sailboat hull and the sail, the aerodynamic characteristic of whole sailboat is numerically simulated based on the RANS and the Standard k-ε turbulence model. Firstly, considering the sail in two cases with/without hull, the lift coefficients and the drag coefficients under different angles of attack are calculated, and the thrust coefficients and the transverse force coefficients of the sailboat under different relative wind directions are obtained. By contrast, it is verified that there is a strong nonlinear interference between the aerodynamics of the sail and the hull. Moreover, the aerodynamics database of the sailboat is established. Under the different relative wind directions, the maximum thrust coefficients of the whole sailboat is obtained according to the variation curve of the sailboat aerodynamic forces with the angles of attack. Finally, the best rules of sailing under different relative wind directions is generated and it can provide theoretical guidance and reference for sailboat drivers to adjust the sail angle in real time.