农村高血压老年患者居家安全风险与社会支持及抑郁关系

Associations of social support and depression with safety risk among rural home-dwelling elderly hypertensives

目的了解社会支持和抑郁与农村老年高血压患者居家安全风险的关系,为老年高血压患者居家安全风险防范提供依据。方法于2016年10月—2017年3月选取山东省莱芜区下属农村地区的393例老年高血压患者为调查对象,采用一般资料问卷、社会支持量表(SSRS)、抑郁量表简版(GDS-15)和高血压居家安全风险评估量表进行问卷调查。结果 393例农村老年高血压患者中抑郁165例(41.98%),76.59%(301/393)的老年高血压患者社会支持居于一般水平,得分为(36.86±5.25)分;居家安全风险得分为(111.92±16.14)分,知识水平、态度、行为、社会心理4个维度得分分别为(22.05±5.47)、(20.19±5.27)、(53.18±7.39)、(16.15±3.16)分;Pearson相关分析结果显示,社会支持、抑郁与老年高血压患者居家安全风险具有相关性(r=–0.418、0.618,P <0.05);多元逐步回归结果显示,文化程度、饮酒、体质指数、月收入、社会支持和抑郁是农村老年高血压患者居家安全风险的影响因素。结论较少社会支持和抑郁的高血压老年患者在居家治疗时面临的安全风险更大。

Objective To explore relationships between social support, depression and safety risk among home-dwelling hypertension patients in rural areas for providing evidences for promoting home care safety of the patients. Methods We conducted a questionnaire survey among 393 rural elderly （ ≥ 60 years old） home-dwelling hypertensives selected with multistage random cluster sampling in Laiwu municipality of Shandong province between October 2015 and March 2016. Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS）, 15-Item Geriatric Depression Scale （GDS-15） and Security Risk Assessment Questionnaire were used in the study. Results Of the participants, 165 （41.98%） were identified with depression （mean GDS-15 score： 8.50 ± 2.40 ） and 301 （76.59%/393） were judged to have a general level of social support, with a mean score of 36.86 ± 5.25. For all the participants, the mean overall safety risk score was 111.92 ± 16.14 and the four dimension scores were 22.05 ± 5.47 for knowledge, 20.19 ± 5.27 for attitude, 53.18 ± 7.39 for behavior, and 16.15 ± 3.16 for social psychology, respectively. The results of Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that depression and social support were significantly correlated with home care safety among the participants （r = 0.618 and r = - 0.418, both P 〈 0.05）. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that influencing factors for the participants＇ home care safety included education level, alcohol drinking, body mass index （BMI）, family monthly income, social support, and depression. Conclusion The rural elderly hypertension patients with poor social support and depression have an increased home- dwelling safety risk.