高分子粘弹性的串讲

Explanation of Visco-elasticity of Polymer

粘弹性显著是高分子一个独特力学表现。本文从高分子粘弹性的基本公式出发,结合高分子物理、材料力学、流变学的知识,对高分子粘弹性响应的非本质因素和本质因素做了全面的串讲。时间、外界作用力σ对高分子的粘弹性响应是非本质因素,高分子模量G、延迟时间τ和本体粘度η因为和高分子内部作用和结构紧密关联被认为是本质因素。具象地讨论了时间、外界作用力和模量、延迟时间和本体粘度对高分子粘弹性响应的影响。高分子粘弹性响应不仅仅存在于固体形态,高分子粘弹性还存在于在高分子熔体和浓溶液状态。

Significant visco-elasticity can be regarded as the fundamental performance of polymeric materials. In this paper, the fundamental equation to describe the visco-elasticity of polymeric materials in many books is used as set point, and combined the knowledges from the courses of polymer physics, mechanics of materials and rheology to fully discuss the non-essential and essential factors of visco-elasticity response. The observed time and external imposed force a are regarded as non-essential factors. Those parameters of modulus G, delayed time r and bulk viscosity are regarded as essential, because they are more close related to structure of polymer. Effects of observed time, external force δ, modulus G, delayed time r and bulk viscosity on visco-elasticity are concretely and fully discussed. Polymer visco-elasticity appears not only in the state of solid, but also in the states of melt and concentrated solution.