汉代“长寿”侯国研究

Study on the “Long-lived” Marquis States in Han Dynasty

列侯爵作为汉代第二等贵族爵,在汉代社会结构中占据极为显赫的地位,对两汉的政治、经济、文化、军事、社会产生了极为深远的影响。两汉的列侯数以千计,大量的列侯家族短命而亡,少数的列侯家族却长盛不衰,个中原因值得探讨:各列侯家族保持了以武功进取的传统;这些列侯家族拥有自己的家学渊源;专制皇权成为影响各列侯家族盛衰的最重要因素;与皇族联姻,实现了家族的外戚化。在中国古代历史上,这些列侯家族颇具典型意义。我们可以从这些"长寿"列侯家族的兴衰史中得出一些宝贵的经验和教训。

The Marquis,the second rank of nobility,occupied a prominent position in the social structure of Han Dynasty,and had a profound impact on the politics,economy,culture,military,and society in both East and West Han Dynasty. There were thousands of Marquises in the two dynasties.However,a large number of the Marquis families were short-lived,while a minority of the Marquis families enjoyed everlasting prosperity. The causes are worth of investigating： all the Marquis families maintained the tradition of forging ahead through military achievements; they owned their own family educational sources; the autocratic imperial power became the most important factor that affected the rise and fall of the Marquis families; alliance by marriage with royal families enabled the families to become their relatives. In the ancient history of China,the success and failure of these Marquis families were of typical significance. We can draw some valuable experiences and lessons from the rise and fall of these ＂long-lived＂Marquis families.