套作大蒜对温室茄子根系土壤微生物及酶活性的影响

Effects of Intercropping Garlic on Soil Microbial and Enzyme Activities of Eggplant Roots in Greenhouse

为探寻温室茄子套蒜栽培的最佳时期,以商茄1号和苍山白皮蒜为试材,设置茄子移栽第1天、第15天、第30天3个大蒜定植时期进行套作试验,以茄子单作作为对照,研究套作大蒜对温室茄子根系土壤微生物及酶活性的影响。结果表明,在同一采样时期,各处理茄子根系土壤细菌数量、磷酸酶和脲酶活性均表现为E1G1>E2G2>E3G3>CK,说明套作大蒜的茄子根系细菌数量和土壤酶活性均高于对照,且随着套作时间的推迟呈下降趋势;真菌数量则相反,表现为CK>E3G3>E2G2>E1G1;随着采样时间的推迟,套作处理和对照茄子根系细菌数量呈先升高后降低的趋势,均于85 d时达到最高,真菌数量和磷酸酶、脲酶活性则呈持续增加趋势。综合而言,套作大蒜可提高茄子根系土壤细菌数量和酶活性,有助于提高土壤肥力,同时可降低真菌数量,有助于促进土壤改良,就土壤微生物及酶活性指标而言,各套作处理以E1G1即茄子移栽第1天套作大蒜效果最佳。

In order to explore the optimum period of garlic intercropping with eggplant in greenhouse, the experiment was conducted with Shangqie No. 1 and Cangshanbaipi garlic, three garlic intercropping stages were set, including the 1^st, 15^th and 30^th day from egg-plant transplanting date, and the eggplant monoculture was as controh The eftects of garlic intercropping on soil microorganisms and enzyme activities of eggplant roots in greenhouse were studied. The results showed that at the same sampling period, the bacteria number, phosphatase and urease activities in eggplant roots were as follows： E1G1 〉 E2G2 〉 E3G3 〉 CK, indicating that the number of bacteria and soil enzyme activities in garlic intercropping treatments were decreased with the postpone of the intercropping date, and all the three treatments were higher than the CK. The fungi number in eggplant roots was as follows： CK〉 E3G3 〉E2G2〉 E1G1. Both in the garlic intercropping treatments and CK, the bacteria number in eggplant roots was increased first and then decreased with the delay in sampling time, and the highest value was at 85 days, while the fungi number, phosphatase and urease activity increased continuously. In conclusion, garlic intercropping could increase the soil bacteria number and enzyme activities in eggplant root system improving the soil ferlilily, and reduce the tungi number promoting soil improvement. According to soil microorganisms and enzyme activities analysis, E1G1 treatment was the optimal intercropping stage.