放养抑或包干:政府角色定位与农村社会组织发展——基于苏东和浙中村庄老年人协会的案例研究

Standing by or doing everything:the role of government in the development of rural social organizations——a case study of the elderly association in villages of eastern Jiangsu and central Zhejiang

民间社会组织的发展与政府角色定位有密切关系,目前政府在农村社会组织的发展中主要有"放养型"、"包干型"和"混合型"三种投入模式,文中以苏东Y村、浙中Z村和浙中F村为典型案例。三种不同的投入方式导致了不同效果:"包干型"投入方式加重了政府财政负担,无法调动村庄非正式治理人员的积极性;"放养型"投入方式下的农村社会组织由于缺乏政府财政与政策支持,发展后劲不足,举步维艰;"混合型"兼具政府财政与政策支持,亦能调动村庄精英等内生性治理资源加入,社会组织的运转有序。基于此,在农村社会组织的发展过程中,政府既不能"放养"也不能"大包干",而是要坚持"混合型"培育模式,关键在于调动社会组织发展的内生性力量,同时在社会组织发展的不同阶段充当培育者、引导者、管理者、监督者等多重不同的角色。

The development of civil society organizations is closely related to the role orientation of the government. At present, the government role in the development of the rural social organization displays three main types： ＂standing by type＂, ＂doing everything type＂ and ＂ mixed type＂. In this paper, the typical case is the village of Yin eastern Jiangsu, Z and F village in central Zhejiang. The three different modes lead to different effects： the investment of the ＂doing every thing type＂ aggravates the financial burden of the government and cannot mobilize the enthusiasm of the informal manage ment of the village. The ＂mixed type＂ benefits from both government financial and policy support, and can mobilize re sources such as village elite and other endogenous governance resources, and the operation of social organizations is order ly. Therefore, in the course of the rural social organizations development, the government can neither ＂stand by＂ nor ＂ do everything＂, but adhere to the ＂mixed type＂ and cultivation model. The key is to mobilize the endogenous power of the development of social organizations, and at the same time, at the different development stages, the government is sup posed to play the roles of a cultivator, a guide, a manager and a supervisor.