燕麦与箭筈豌豆不同行比例间作对饲草产量及土壤理化性状的影响

Effects of Intercropping Oats and Common Vetch on Forage Yield and Soil Physical and Chemical Characteristics

研究对比燕麦与箭筈豌豆不同行比例间作对作物产量及土壤理化性状的影响,为改善内蒙古农牧交错区饲用作物种植模式单一及土壤养分偏耗严重等问题提供理论依据。试验以燕麦(蒙农大燕2号)和箭筈豌豆为材料,按行播Y∶D=1∶1(燕麦1行,豌豆1行)、1∶2(燕麦1行,豌豆2行)、1∶3(燕麦1行,豌豆3行)、1∶4(燕麦1行,豌豆4行),Y∶D=2∶1(燕麦2行,豌豆1行)、3∶1(燕麦3行,豌豆1行)和4∶1(燕麦4行,豌豆1行)共7种间作比例、Y(燕麦)与D(箭筈豌豆)2种单作处理,比较燕麦和箭筈豌豆产量、土壤理化性状的变化规律。结果表明:Y∶D=3∶1处理产量较高,容重较低,2015年和2016年较燕麦和箭筈豌豆单作分别降低了1.74%、0.09%和2.34%、3.16%。Y∶D=3∶1处理直径> 0.25 mm的土壤团聚体含量较高,2015年和2016年较燕麦单作分别提高了5.42%、8.45%。2015年和2016年Y∶D=2∶1处理速效磷、全磷、速效钾、全钾含量均最高,全磷含量较燕麦和箭筈豌豆单作分别提高了55.75%、66.53%和44.59%、60.53%;全钾含量较燕麦和箭筈豌豆单作分别提高了33.51%、23.67%和24.7%、13.4%,Y∶D=3∶1处理次之。综合饲草产量和对土壤性状的影响,Y∶D=2∶1处理和Y∶D=3∶1处理的效果都比较适合内蒙古农牧交错区推广。

This study compared the effects of different intercropping ratios of oats and common vetch on crop yields and soil physical and chemical properties in order to provide a theoretical basis for improving the single cropping pattern of feeding crops and the serious imbalance of soil nutrients in the farming-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia. The oats （Mongnondayan No. 2） and common vetch were intercropped in lines at the ratio of 1：1, 1：2, 1：3, 1：4, 2：1, 3：1 and 4：1 or sowed solely. The yield and physiochemical properties of oat and common vetch were compared. The results showed that the intercropped ratio of oats and common vetch of 3：1 yielded higher yield and lower bulk density, which was 1.74%, 0.09%, 2.34%, and 3.16% lower than the oats and common vetch monocropping in 2015 and 2016, prortion of 〉 0.25 mm soil aggregates was 5.42% and 8.45% higher than that of oat monocropping in 2015 and 2016, the contents of available phosphorus, total phosphorus, available potassium, and total potassium were the highest in the treatment of Y：D=2：I, and the total phosphorus contents were increased by 55.75% and 66.53% compared with oats monocropping, and 44.59% and 60.53% compared with common vetch monocropping. The contents of total potassium under the oats and common vetch monocropping were increased by 33.51% and 23.67% in 2015, and 24.7% and 13.4% in 2016 compared with the treatment of Y：D=3：I. The effects of Y：D=2：I treatment and Y：D=3：I treatment were more suitable for the promotion of the farming-pastoral ecotone in Inner Mongolia.