环境侵权案件中司法公正的量化评价研究

Research on Quantitative Evaluation of Judicial Justice in Environmental Tort Cases

环境司法是当前司法改革的重点领域之一,如何有效评价司法公正在环境案件中的实现情况则是研究的难点所在。目前,国内外的法治评估实践从整体和宏观维度上对司法公正进行了量化评价,但尚无法在微观维度上实现对特定领域的精准分析。根据司法公正的一般理论和环境正义的特殊要求,运用统计学方法,以全国范围内的环境侵权一审判决书作为样本,将污染受害人"诉讼请求支持率"作为被解释变量(分为货币化和非货币化两个方面),将案件中的相关因素(包括实体性因素和程序性因素)作为解释变量,可以对环境侵权案件中司法公正的实现情况进行量化评价。回归分析的结果显示,我国环境侵权案件的裁判结果受到当事人身份、数量、案件发生地、审判期限的显著影响,在很大程度上阻碍了污染受害人获得法律救济的充分性与公平性;法官的司法能力及相关理论学说也亟待改进。针对其他类型的大规模侵权案件,本研究在方法上具有借鉴意义,有助于推进大数据条件下民事司法的"分类诊断"和"精准研究",是对目前法治评估体系的有益补充。

Environmental justice is one of the key areas of current judicial reform. However, How to effectively evaluate the realization of judicial justice in environmental cases is the difficulty of the study. At present, the practice of the evaluation of rule of law at home and abroad is still unable to achieve a precise analysis of the specific field on the micro dimension. According to the general theory of judicial justice and the special requirements of environmental justice, using statistical meth- ods to take the environmental tort judgment of the first instance as a sample, and taking the ＂litiga- tion request support rate＂ of the pollution victims as the interpreted variables （ divided into monetiza- tion and non-monetization） , and the relevant factors in the case （including substantive and proce- dural factors） as explanatory variables, we can quantitatively evaluate the realization of judicial jus- tice in environmental tort cases. The results of regression analysis show that the referee result of envi- ronmental tort cases in China is significantly influenced by the status of the parties, the number of ca- ses, the place where the cases happen, and the time limit for trial, which, to a large extent, hinder the sufficiency and fairness of the legal relief of the victims. In view of the other types of large-scale tort cases, this study has reference significance in the method, helps to promote the ＂classification diagnosis＂ and ＂accurate research＂ of civil justice under the condition of large data, and is a useful supplement to the current evaluation system of the rule of law.