作物化感品种对农田杂草的调控

Allelopathic crop cultivars for weed management in cropping systems

农田施用大量除草剂不仅引起环境和生态问题,而且导致除草剂抗性杂草不断发生。因此,需要建立生态安全的杂草管理策略以改变杂草控制对除草剂依赖的现状。利用作物化感品种调控农田杂草是极具开发潜力的杂草控制策略,这些作物化感品种自身能够产生和释放化感物质调控杂草,从而减少对人工除草剂的依赖。鉴于此,近10余年来,以作物化感品种为中心的农田杂草控制策略一直得到广泛的关注和研发。本文综述了作物化感品种调控农田杂草和相应抑草机制的最新进展,尤其是可商业化种植的作物化感新品种选育及其在除草剂减量控制杂草的实践。在此基础上,阐释了作物化感品种间亲属合作行为以及基于化感物质的新型除草剂研发对解决农田杂草难题的机遇和挑战。

The heavy use of herbicides for weed control is of great concern in environment and ecological problems. In particular, the over-reliance on herbicides can lead to the evolution of herbicide-resistant for weeds. In this regard, there is a requirement to find a non-herbicidal alternative that permits ecological weed management in cropping system. A promising weed control option is the potential for exploiting the weed-suppressing ability of crop cultivars themselves. In fact, a few crop cultivars are very effective against weeds in fields and resulting in a natural interference of crop plants with weeds. These allelopathic crop cultivars can produce and release their own ＇herbicides＇, i.e. allelochemicals to interfere with the growth and establishment of associated weeds while reducing the use of herbicides. Therefore, much effort has gone into exploiting allelopathic crop cultivars as an efficient component of ecological weed management in cropping system in the last decade. This review outlines recent advances in interference of allelopathic crop cultivars with weeds, and the mechanisms underlying such interferences. In particular, commercially acceptable allelopathic crop cultivars have been bred, incorporating them into reducing herbicides for weed management in field practices. Furthermore, plant cooperation strategy, such as kin recognition in allelopathic crop cultivars, and allelochemical-based herbicides, may contribute to solving the weed problems in cropping systems.