狭叶菖蒲乙醇提取物对棉铃虫卵和幼虫的生物活性

Bioactivity of ethanol extracts from Acorus calamus var. angustatus to eggs and larvae of Helicoverpa armigera

为筛选安全高效的棉铃虫防治药剂,选用狭叶菖蒲Acorus calamus var.angustatus乙醇提取物对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera卵和幼虫的触杀活性、胃毒作用、拒食效果和生长抑制作用进行了测定,同时以0.5%藜芦碱为药剂对照,对比分析狭叶菖蒲提取物的杀虫效果。结果表明,狭叶菖蒲乙醇提取物对棉铃虫3龄幼虫有显著的触杀、胃毒、拒食和生长抑制活性以及杀卵效果,且生物活性随浓度升高和处理时间延长而增加;狭叶菖蒲提取物对棉铃虫触杀活性、胃毒活性、杀卵活性的致死中浓度LC_(50)分别为20.50、19.26和31.39 mg/m L,对棉铃虫生长抑制中浓度EC_(50)和拒食中浓度AFC_(50)分别为7.15、10.43 mg/m L;0.5%藜芦碱药剂对棉铃虫触杀活性、胃毒活性和杀卵活性LC_(50)分别为12.19、16.90和29.87 mg/m L,对棉铃虫EC_(50)和AFC_(50)分别为3.99、8.32 mg/m L,均低于菖蒲根茎提取物。气相色谱-质谱分析结果显示,狭叶菖蒲乙醇提取物主要成分为α-细辛醚、β-细辛醚、菖蒲酮和白千层醇。表明狭叶菖蒲乙醇提取物有开发为新型植物源农药的潜力。

In order to screen out pesticides efficient and secure for controlling the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera（Hübner）,insecticidal activity of ethanol extracts from Acorus calamus var.angustatus Besser against H.armigera was investigated in relation to ovicidal toxicity,contact toxicity,gut toxicity,anti-feeding effect and growth inhibition effect.The insecticidal potential of the ethanol extract from A.calamus var.angustatus was analyzed by using the 0.5%veratrine as positive control.The results showed that the ethanol extracts from A.calamus var.angustatus had significant contact toxicity,gut toxicity,antifeedant activity,growth inhibition effect and ovicidal activity,and these effects increased with increasing concentration and time of exposure.The medial lethal concentrations（LC_（50））of ethanol extracts from A.calamus var.angustatus against H.armigera were 20.50,19.26 and 31.39 mg/m L in terms of contact toxicity,gut toxicity and ovicidal activity,respectively;the medial effective concentration（EC_（50））and medial antifeedant concentration（AFC_（50））of ethanol extracts from A.calamus var.angustatus against H.armigera were 7.15 mg/m L and 10.43 mg/m L,respectively.By contrast,the LC_（50）values of the commercially available pesticide,0.5%of veratrine,against H.armigera were 12.19,16.90and 29.87 mg/m L in terms of contact toxicity,gut toxicity and ovicidal activity,respectively,and the EC_（50）and AFC_（50）of 0.5%of veratrine against H.armigera were 3.99 mg/m L and 8.32 mg/m L.The LC_（50）,EC_（50）and AFC_（50）of veratrine were lower than those of the ethanol extracts from A.calamus var.angustatus.The results of GC-MS assay showed that the dominant ingredients in the ethanol extract from A.calamus var.angustatus wereα-asarone,β-asarone,acorone and viridiflorol.The results showed that A.calamus var.angustatus had a potential for the exploration of plant-derived pesticides against H.armigera in the future.