西南鼠耳蝠(Myotis altarium)栖息生态学

Investigation into roosting ecology of Myotis altarium

西南鼠耳蝠(Myotis altarium)是典型的洞栖性蝙蝠,是我国的准特有种。近年,在湘西州境内的13个溶洞中记录到该蝠361只次,并对其栖点的空间分布、栖息姿势、体温、栖点温度及个体的安全性进行了观测。结果表明:其栖点主要集中在距离洞口200 m的范围之内,离地面的高度通常在2—6 m之间,约74%的个体采用腹部贴壁倒挂的姿势栖息;体温变化范围在3.57—20.25℃之间,个体体温均略高于其栖点温度,但两者之间不存在显著性差异(P>0.05)而不同月份之间的体温、栖点温度均存在显著性差异(P<0.05);仅60.1%的个体栖息在"安全性高"的栖点,栖息在"安全性中"和"安全性低"栖点的比例分别达22.7%和17.2%。加强对地方群众的宣传教育,增强民众对蝙蝠物种、生物多样性及洞穴资源的保护意识,减少人为因素对洞穴环境和蝙蝠种群的干扰与破坏,将有助于保护该珍稀物种。

Myotis altarium is a typical cave-dwelling and quasi-endemic bat species （Vespertilionidae Chiroptera） in China. We investigated the roostpoint distribution, roosting behavior, body temperature, roost-site temperature, and the safety of the bats in the karst caves of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, in the Hunan province, in recent years. On the basis of a total of 361 individual-by-times observed, the results indicated that their roost-points were distributed relatively, gathered within a 200 m distance of the cave tunnels from the entrances, and usually 2-6 m from the ground. Approximately 74% individual-by-times took on an upside-down roosting-posture with their abdomens clinging to the cave wall. The range of body temperature in the years was 3.57--20.25%. Their body temperature was always slightly higher than the temperature of roost-sites, but there were no significant differences between them （P〉0.05）. However, there were significant differences in body temperature and roost-site temperature in different months （P〈0.05）. By a comprehensive evaluation of the roosting safety of these bats, we identified 60.1% individual-by-times as ＂high safety＂, whereas 22.7% and 17.2% were ＂medium safety＂ and ＂low safety＂, respectively. To conserve vulnerable species, it would be beneficial to strengthen biodiversity and cave biology education, which can enhance the conservation awareness and practices of bat species and cave resources for local people.