青海玉树高原不同生境类型蝶类群落结构与多样性

Community structure and butterfly diversity in different habitat types in the Qinghai Yushu plateau

2016年和2017年的5—8月,在玉树市选取森林、灌木、高寒灌丛、高寒草甸草原和裸岩5种生境进行蝴蝶种类资源和群落多样性的调查,共记录到蝶类个体数1580头,62种,隶属于7科40属。其中古北界19种,占总种数的30%,东洋界2种,占总种数的3%,两界共有种(广布种) 41种,占总种数的67%。蛱蝶科(535只)个体数量最多,占蝶类个体总数的34%。计算并分析了5种生境中蝴蝶多样性指数(H')、优势度指数(D)、物种丰富度指数(R)、均匀度指数(J)和相似性系数(I),结果表明:灌木生境具有最高的多样性指数,较高均匀度指数和物种丰富度指数以及最低的优势度指数;高寒草甸草原蝶类的多样性指数、均匀度指数、物种丰富度指数均为最低,而优势度指数最高。

From May to August in 2016 and 2017, we selected five habitats （forest, shrub, alpine shrub, alpine meadow, and bare rock） to investigate butterfly species and community diversity in Yushu City. A total of 1580 individuals were recorded, belonging to 62 species of 7 families and 40 generas. There were 19 species of Palaearetie realm, 2 of Oriental realm, and 41 widespread species ; those accounted for 30%, 3%, and 67% of the total respectively. Nymphalidae with the most individuals （535） was the dominant family, accounting for 34% of the total. The butterfly diversity index （H＇）, dominance index （D）, species richness index （R）, evenness index （J）, and similarity index （I） were calculated and analyzed for the five habitats. The results showed that shrub habitat had the highest diversity index, high evenness index, and high species richness index, but the dominance index was the lowest; the alpine meadow habitat had the lowest diversity index, specific richness index, and evenness index, but the dominance index was the highest.