中国发展性福利实践及其思想的历史与发展

Developmental Welfare Practice and Thought in China:History and Modern Development

发展性福利重视社会开支的投资和产出功能,强调经济与社会的协同发展。中国从宋代开始便在赈灾过程中出现较为系统的具有投资取向的社会救助对策,经历清朝的制度化、在民国时期得到进一步的普及。中华人民共和国成立之后,发展性福利思想发展成为全面的扶贫举措,进一步在公民福祉的提升政策中得到体现,并最终表现为兼顾补救与发展的包容性发展实践。中国历史上丰富的救灾经验、传统民本思想及其引发的重农观念、儒家思想及其东亚文化的产出主义福利取向,以及当代中国政府关于科学发展与构建和谐社会的思想,都对中国发展性社会福利思想及其实践有着重要影响。

The developmental welfare theory focuses on the investment and productive function of the social expenditure,with integral development of social and economic developments. As far back as in Song dynasty,comprehensive investment countermeasures were used in disaster relief in China. These practices were institutionalized in the Qing dynasty and became widespread during the Republic of China period. Since the establishment of Peoples＇ Republic of China,approaches based on the developmental welfare became the major measure for comprehensive poverty alleviation,and was ultimately manifested in practices of welfare policy both for maintenance and development. Developmental welfare theory and practice were strongly influenced by multiple factors in China,including extensive experience in disaster relief,traditional people-based thought,and the productive welfare orientation of traditional Confucian culture in East Asia.