脚印与路:个人信息保护与大数据权益归属

Footprints and the Road: Protection of Personal Information and Vesting of the Interests on Big Data

产权不明,本不应谈利用与交易,但我国大数据产业正是在权属未明的前提下做大了蛋糕。有关大数据之上是否存在独占权益,大数据权益与个人信息保护的界线如何划分等问题在规则上缺失,在研究上处于空白,无法为现实提供有效指引,实属大数据产业发展的隐忧。事实上,个人信息保护与大数据权益分别代表了不同的法益,通过一则"脚印与路"的案例类比可以在二者之间找到协调路径:当大数据主体的行为不触及个人信息保护的法益时,当可自有独占权益;在二者发生冲突时应,私法自治应成为首选路径;私法自治失效或无法适用时,可依比例原则确定大数据主体的权益。这即是大数据主体权益归属的"三步走"规则,是逻辑推演的结论。也可经过劳动财产学说、经济学分析和实证考证验证其合理性。

Ownership to Big Data is the prerequisite of using or trading it. The cake of Big Data has already been made big in China before there is a clear rule of deciding its ownership. Neither the legislation nor the research in China has made it clear whether there are any exclusive rights or interests on Big Data, how to vest them if there are and how to draw the line between Big Data owners and every single person who generates the data. Personal data protection and interests on Big Data each has its own basis.Through an analogy to Footpront and the Road case, it’s able to find a way to coordinate the two-beyond the range of personal capacity, Big Data owners have exclusive rights. When conflict happens, autonomy rules under private law should be applied; was there no room for such rules to apply, rights of big data owners could be decided by applying the principle of proportionality.That’s the 3-step rule, a logical conclusion, and supported by labor theory of property, economic analysis and empirical analysis.