论司法实践中洗稿侵犯著作权的认定标准

On the Standards of Identifying Copyright Infringement of Manuscript Laundering in Judicial Practice

随着自媒体的迅猛发展,通过"洗稿"方式抄袭剽窃、篡改删减原创作品的侵权行为日益增多,这种高级抄袭行为令人难以甄别是否侵犯著作权。目前司法实践的认定标准是"接触+实质性相似原则"。接触是一种有限的"使用者权"。实质性相似则是认定著作权侵权的重心。司法实践中通过抽象观察法和整体观察法来鉴别被诉侵权作品与权利作品是否构成实质性相似。在分析案例的基础上抽象出了认定实质性相似的一般法律标准。排除法定的合理使用情形,明确"接触+实质性相似-合理使用"是司法实践中认定侵权的标准。

With the rapid development of self-media, the number of copyright infringements that through plagiarizing, thiefing, falsifing and deleting original works by ＂manuscript laundering＂ is increasing. This kind of high-level plagiarism makes it difficult to distinguish whether copyright is infringed. The current standard of judicial practice is the “contact ＋ substantive similarity”. Contact is a kind of limited ＂user right＂. Substantial similarity is the focus of copyright infringement. In the judicial practice, the abstract observation method and the overall observation method are used to identify whether the alleged infringing works and the rights works constitute a substantial similarity. Based on the analysis of cases, the general legal standards that are found to be substantially similar. Excluding statutory fair use cases, it is clear that “contact ＋ substantive similarity – statutoryfair use” is the standard for Copyright infringement in judicial practice.