定量磁共振成像技术在评估关节软骨退行性变中的应用进展

Advances in the application of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating the degenerative changes of articular cartilage

关节软骨在维持关节的正常结构和功能方面发挥着重要作用,关节软骨退行性变则是许多关节疾病的重要早期改变之一。由于关节软骨一旦受损退变就难以愈合、不可逆,因而早期评估和诊断关节软骨退行性变具有至关重要意义。磁共振成像具有优越的软组织对比度,从而能够无创、直接清晰地显示关节软骨,被公认为目前评价关节软骨损伤的最佳方法。随着近年来定量MRI技术的快速发展,可在关节软骨形态学改变出现之前对早期退变软骨生化成分和结构的改变进行定量检测。该文对关节软骨的解剖生理、退行性变病理生理及多种定量MRI技术在关节软骨退行性变中的应用进行综述。

Articular cartilage plays an important role in maintaining the normal structure and function of the joint, and the degeneration of articular cartilage is one of the most important early changes in many joint diseases. Once the articular cartilage is damaged and degenerated, it is difficult to heal and becomes irreversible, so it is very vital to early evaluate and diagnose the degeneration of articular cartilage. MRI can show articular cartilage directly and clearly because of its superior soft tissue contrast. Therefore, it is considered as the best method for evaluating articular cartilage degeneration. With the rapid development of quantitative MRI techniques in recent years, the changes of biochemical composition and structure of early degenerative cartilage can be quantitatively detected before morphological changes occur. In this review, the anatomical physiology of articular cartilage, pathophysiology of degeneration and application advances of various quantitative MRI techniques in degeneration of articular cartilage are summarized.