反观马克思的劳动异化理论对马尔库塞异化观之影响

The Influence of Marx's Labor Alienation Theory on Marcuse's Alienation View

马克思在费尔巴哈宗教异化的影响下,从人的"类本质"得以复归的思想出发,首次在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中提出了异化劳动理论概念。马克思在此阶段意识到,人类要想拥有自由自觉的创造性劳动,必须通过共产主义革命。只有触碰到资本主义制度本身,废除私有财产制度,扬弃异化劳动,才能使一个人的本性得以回归。只有这样,人们才可以按照美的规律来创造。而在发达的工业社会下,马尔库塞意识到了异化问题不仅仅表现在统治人的政治经济的异化力量,而且逐步内化到人的性格结构、心理机制及其潜在意识当中,人们逐渐失去了批判、超越和否定的维度,人成为了一维的人,即单向的人。

Marx,influenced with Feuerbach＇ s Religion Alienation Theory, started from the theol7 that man＇ s ＂generic nature＂ should be reserved, based on which the concept of labor alienation is proposed firstly in ＂Economic Philosophy Manuscript in1844＂. Marx, at this stage, realized that only via communism revolution can mankind realize creative labor with freedom and autonomy. Man＇ s nature can return only when we touch the capitalist system,abolish private property system, and sublate the alienation labor. In the industrialized society,Marcuse realized that the problem of alienation is represented not only the ruler＇ s alienation power of politics and economy but also going deeper into personality structure, mental mechanism, and subconsciousness. People gradually lose the dimension of criticism, transcendence,and negation so that man becomes a uni-dimension unit, or unidirectional man.