煤矿岩巷短封泥空气柱光面爆破技术及应用

Coal mine rock roadway smooth blasting technology with short stemming and air column and its application

目前煤矿岩巷开拓施工中钻爆法仍然是最为普遍的施工工艺,但此工艺中光面爆破无法有效实现,成为影响岩巷支护质量的技术难题。本文研究了爆炸应力和爆生气体共同产生"气楔破岩"的作用机理和作用过程,通过增加空气柱长度,可有效降低炮眼内爆炸压力值,从而降低爆炸对炮眼周围岩体的破坏,并有利于光面爆破效果的实现。提出了煤矿岩巷短封泥空气柱装药结构和其相对应的实现方法,在永煤集团陈四楼煤矿-750m轨道岩石大巷得到了工业试验验证,平均眼痕率达到85%,整体光面爆破效果好。

At present, the drilling and blasting method is still the most common construction technology in the mining rock roadway construction. In this process, smooth blasting can＇t be realized effectively, and it has been a difficult problem affecting the quality of rock roadway supporting. In this paper, ＂gas wedge action＂ of the process and joint action of explosion stress are studied. Increasing the length of air column can effectively reduce the explosion pressure in blasthole, which can reduce the damage to the rock and is beneficial to the smooth blasting effect. In this paper, charge structure with short stemming and air column and its realization method are proposed. Smooth blasting technology with short stemming and air column have been verified by industrial test in -750 m rock roadway of Yongmei Group Chensilou mine. The average eye mark rate reaches 85% and the smooth blasting is realized effectively.