基于流固耦合的立式拱顶储罐油气爆炸数值模拟

Numerical simulation on the gasoline-air mixture explosion in vertical dome roof oil tanks with consideration of the fluid-structure coupling effect

针对1 000 m^3立式拱顶储罐内部油气爆炸进行了数值模拟,并对625 L模拟储罐进行了模型实验验证,对耦合条件以及非耦合条件下储罐内部爆炸流场发展,不同测点超压变化进行了对比分析,同时对耦合条件下储罐结构响应进行了研究。结果表明:(1)非耦合条件与耦合条件下流场发展以及超压变化趋势基本相同,但耦合条件下储罐内部完全燃烧时间比非耦合条件下慢60 ms,超压荷载峰值比非耦合条件下小10%左右。(2)爆炸时,储罐顶部变形最大,最大应力区域出现在顶-壁,底-壁连接处,考虑到实际工程情况,设计时应遵循"弱顶盖连接设计"原则。

A numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the characteristics of gasoline-air mixture explosion in a 1 000 m 3 vertical vault storage tank. Model experiments on a 625 L simulation tank were also performed for verification. The variations of the flow field and overpressures at different measuring points were analyzed under the conditions of fluid-structure coupling and uncoupling respectively, and the tank structure responses were studied under the coupling condition. The results show that： ① the variations of flow field and overpressure under coupling condition and uncoupling condition are basically the same. Under the condition of coupling, the tank internal combustion time is fewer than under uncoupled condition by 60 ms, the overpressure peak load is 10% smaller than under uncoupled condition. ② During the process of explosion, the deformation at the top of the tank is the largest, and the maximum stress appears at the top-wall and bottom-wall connection areas. Considering the actual engineering conditions, the principle of “weak roof connection design” should be followed in design.