试论美国第三党运动的政治影响——以1968年美国独立党为例

The Analysis of Political Influence Concerning American Third Position Party in the View of American Independent Party

美国独立党(American Independent Party)是美国政坛上众多昙花一现的第三党运动中的典型代表,成立于20世纪60年代,由乔治·华莱士与民主党决裂后组建。在1968年美国总统选举中,华莱士以美国独立党的候选人身份参加竞选,华莱士是自从罗伯特·M·拉福莱特在1924年成为进步党总统候选人以来最受欢迎的第三党候选人。华莱士获得46张选举人票,所获选民票占比13.56%。这一表现冲击了1968年美国大选,给美国政党政治带来深远影响。

The American Independent Party is a typical representative of many short-lived third-party movements in the U.S. political arena. It was founded in the 1960 s and was formed after the break-up between George Wallace and the Democratic Party. In the 1968 U.S. presidential election, Wallace participated in the election as a candidate for the Independence Party of the United States and won 46 electoral votes, which accounted for 13.56% of the vote. This performance shocked the 1968 U.S. election and exerted a profound influence on U.S. party politics.