飞行器气动弹性风洞试验技术综述

A survey of aeroelastic wind tunnel test techonlogy of flight vehicles

研究气动弹性问题的主要手段有数值计算、风洞试验和飞行试验三种,气动弹性风洞试验具有可靠性高(相比数值计算)和代价低(相比飞行试验)等优势,已成为航空航天飞行器气动弹性性能评估和校核的重要手段。以亚声速和跨声速气动弹性风洞试验技术为主,分别从静气动弹性、颤振和阵风试验三个角度,阐述了国内外在模型设计、数据采集处理、模型支撑、阵风发生装置、阵风载荷减缓等方面开展的主要研究工作,总结了气动弹性风洞试验在飞行器研制中的重要意义,并对我国未来气动弹性试验能力的发展提出几点建议。

There are three main methods for studying aeroelastic problems, including numerical calculation, wind tunnel test, and flight test. Compared to the other two methods, aeroelastic wind tunnel test has the advantages of higher reliability （comparing with numerical calculation） and lower cost （comparing with flight test）, which has become an important approach to evaluating and checking the aeroelastic characteristics of flight vehicles. The subsonic and transonic aeroelastic wind tunnel test technology are mainly focused by this paper. Firstly, the test technology is described from three perspectives of static aeroelasticity, flutter, and gust wind tunnel test, including the model design, data collection and processing, model support, gust generator, gust load alleviation, etc. Lastly, the significance of aeroelastic wind tunnel test in the development of future flight vehicle is summarized, and some suggestions for the development of aeroelastic wind tunnel test capabilities are given.