农村老年多维贫困的动态变化——来自CHARLS的经验证据

Dynamic Changes of Multidimensional Poverty in Rural Elderly——Evidence from CHARLS

破解农村老年贫困问题是全面建成小康社会的关键性难题之一。本文使用2011—2015年的CHARLS数据分析了农村老年多维贫困的动态变化,结果表明:农村老年群体的多维贫困指数远远高于全人口,但是贫困指数和比例已发生了显著下降,并且严重贫困人口已基本消失;养老保险的贡献下降最为显著,但身体功能、抑郁情况和教育维度的贡献率显著上升;中西部仍是农村老年贫困最为严重的地区; 70岁及以上、女性、文盲与半文盲是贫困高发群体。据此,未来应着力促进农村居民塑造自主自律健康行为、关怀老年人的心理健康需求、扶持农村基础教育、完善高龄津贴补贴制度等方面,解决农村老年贫困问题,确保农村全面建成小康社会。

This paper uses CHARLS to measure rural elderly multidimensional poverty in China. The results show that the multidimensional poverty index （MPI） is significantly higher than that of the whole population, but MPI and the proportion of multidimensional poor people drops significantly, and there is no severe poverty in 2015 Among contribution rate of indicators, we found that pension declines significantly, but physical function, depression and education dimension increased significantly. The central and western regions are still the most impoverished regions. 70 years old and above, female, illiteracy and semiliterate are more likely to be poverty. Based on above results,we suggest that it will eliminate elderly poverty in the future by advocating autonomous health behaviors, caring for the mental health needs of the elderly, supporting basic education in rural areas and improving old age allowance.