氮磷钾配方施肥对核桃产量和品质指标的影响

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Formula Fertilizers on the Yield and Quality of Walnut Fruit

研究氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)配方肥对核桃产量及品质的影响,为核桃施肥提供依据。以7年生早实核桃"辽核4号"为试验材料,于核桃萌芽期、幼果发育期和硬核期进行施肥,在果实采收前调查产量并进行果实养分测定,研究不同配方肥对核桃产量及品质的影响。结果表明,不同N、P、K施肥处理对核桃单位冠幅产量、单果重、出仁率影响显著,对饱和脂肪酸含量、不饱和脂肪酸含量、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量影响不显著。处理1的单位冠幅产量、单果重、亚油酸含量最高,其施肥量:N为345g/株、P为345g/株、K为345g/株,施肥比例为N∶P∶K=1∶1∶1,水平组合为N1P2K2。处理4的出仁率、不饱和脂肪酸和蛋白质含量最高,其施肥量:N为690g/株、P为345g/株、K为0g/株,施肥比例为N∶P∶K=2∶1∶0,水平组合为N2P2K0。处理7脂肪含量、亚麻酸含量最高,其施肥量:N为690g/株、P为172.5g/株、K为172.5g/株,施肥比例为N∶P∶K=4∶1∶1,水平组合为N2P1K1。N肥与单位冠幅产量、亚麻酸含量呈显著正相关;P肥与出仁率呈显著正相关,与各品质指标相关性不大;K肥与单位冠幅产量呈显著正相关,与不饱和脂肪酸呈显著负相关。

Effects of nitrogen （N）,phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） formula fertilizers on the yield and quality of walnut fruit were studied.Trees of 7-year-old “Liaohe 4”,an early fruiting walnut cultivar were used as experimental materials to be fertilized during its germination period,young fruit development period and shell hardwood forming period.The yield and fruit nutrient content were measured before fruit harvest.The results showed that different N,P and K fertilizations had significant effects on the yield per crown unit,single fruit weight,and kernel rate,but they had no significant effect on the contents of fatty acid,protein and fat.The unit crown yield,fruit weight and linoleic acid content of the treatment 1 were the highest,in which the amounts of fertilizers applied to per tree were N∶345 g,P∶345 g,K∶345 g,fertilization ratio was N∶P∶K=1∶1∶1,the combination was N 1P 2K 2.Kernel rate,unsaturated fatty acids and protein content of the treatment 4 were the highest,the amounts of fertilizer to per tree were N∶690 g,P∶345 g,and K∶0 g,fertilization ratio of N∶P∶K=2∶1∶0,the combination was N 2P 2K 0.The content of linoleic acid,fat content of the treatment 7 were the highest,the amounts of fertilizer to per tree were N∶690 g,P∶172.5 g,and K∶172.5 g ,fertilization ratio was N∶P∶K=4∶1∶1,the combination was N 2P 1K 1.There was a significant positive correlation between N fertilizer and the unit yield of crown and linolenic acid,a significant positive correlation between P fertilizer and kernel rate,but not significant correlation with each quality index.There was a significantly positive correlation between K fertilizer and unit crown yield,saturated fatty acids showed a significantly negative correlation.