宁夏沙坡头区土地利用景观格局变化及其驱动力分析

Changes of Landscape Pattern in Land Use and Driving Forces in Shapotou District,Ningxia

以宁夏沙坡头区为研究对象,以1995、2000、2007年和2013年遥感数据为基础数据源,运用土地利用动态度、土地利用程度模型、土地利用多样性、均匀度模型对研究区土地利用景观格局变化状况进行分析研究。结果表明,1995-2013年沙坡头区土地利用结构变化显著,其中林地、草地、水域以及建设用地面积增加,耕地和未利用地面积不断下降;而耕地和未利用面积向其他土地利用类型转化成为该区域土地利用变化的主要特征之一;沙坡头区不同时期的土地利用变化速度不同,且存在较大差异;研究区土地利用程度由159.326 8增加至212.094 4,表明人类活动对土地利用的程度加深;而土地利用程度变化量和变化率均>0,说明土地利用处于发展阶段;从景观多样性来看,研究区景观格局结构趋于多样化;从景观均匀度来看,研究区景观均匀度指数整体水平不高,且研究期内呈下降变化趋势,说明研究区土地利用景观格局结构复杂化程度较低。从土地利用景观格局变化的驱动因素来看,沙坡头区气温和降水等自然因素对研究区土地利用景观格局的变化具有较大的影响作用,而人类社会经济活动强度以及政策导向是沙坡头区土利用景观格局变化的主要原因。

Taking Shapotou district of Ningxia as the research object,using remote sensing data of 1995,2000,2007 and 2013 as the basic data sources,changes of landscape pattern in land use were analyzed by using land use dynamic degree,land use degree model,land use diversity,and evenness model.The results showed that from 1995 to 2013,the land use structure in the Shapotou area changed significantly.The area of forest land,grassland,water areas,and construction land increased.The area of cultivated land and unused land continued to decline.The cultivated land and unused land were converted to other types of land use,which was one of the main characteristics of land use change in the region.The land use change rate in Shapotou District was different at different time,and there were great differences.The degree of land use in the study area increased from 159.326 8 to 212.094 4,indicating the deepening extent of human activities on land use,while the degree of land use change and rate of change were greater than 0,indicating that land use was in the development stage.From the perspective of landscape diversity,the landscape pattern structure of the study area tended to be diversified.From the perspective of landscape uniformity,the landscape in the study area was uniform.The overall level of the degree index was not high,and it showed a downward trend during the study period,indicating that the complexity of landscape pattern was relatively low.From the perspective of the driving forces of the changes in landscape patterns,natural factors such as temperature and precipitation in the Shapotou area had a significant impact on the changes,and the intensity of human socio-economic activity and policy orientation were key factors.