农民工过度劳动的影响因素分析

A Study on the Impact Factors of Migrant Workers' Overwork

本文基于2012年和2014年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),建立了农民工过度劳动选择方程、过度劳动时间方程和持续过度劳动方程,并分析农民工过度劳动的影响因素。研究结果表明,工资水平低是导致农民工过度劳动现象严重的重要原因;受教育水平的提高有助于降低农民工过度劳动和持续过度劳动的概率;劳动合同的签订有助于降低农民工过度劳动的概率、减轻农民工过度劳动程度和降低农民工过度劳动的持续性;不同职业类型的农民工过度劳动程度存在明显差异,在农民工就业拥挤的职业中过度劳动现象更加严重。因而,政府部门在保证农民工基本收入的条件下,提升农民工群体的受教育水平和技能水平,增加其就业稳定性,消除职业隔离,将有助于缓解农民工群体的过度劳动。

Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies in 2012 and 2014, and by establishing the overwork selection equation, the labor time regression equation, and the overwork persistence equations of migrant works, this paper analyzes the impact factors of migrant workers’ overwork. The results indicate that the low wage level is a key cause of excessive overwork for migrant workers. The paper suggests higher levels of education may contribute to reducing the probability of migrant workers’ overwork and continuous overwork; and signing of labor contracts may assist to reduce the probability, the degree, and persistence of migrant workers’ overwork. Moreover, the study also shows that there is also a signifcant difference in migrant workers’ degree of overwork in different occupations, and their overwork becomes more common in overcrowded occupations. As a result, as long as the basic income of migrant workers is guaranteed, governmental institutions should help to improve their educational level and technical skills, increase their employment stability, and eliminate occupational segregation. Only in this way can migrant workers’ overwork be alleviated