日本、韩国、新加坡引入中国劳工制度的比较研究

A Comparative Study on Importing Chinese Workers' System in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore

日本、韩国和新加坡是中国对外劳务合作的重要国家。三个国家的中国劳工输入制度具有一定共性,即中国劳工从事低技能、无技能工作,受到移入国法律保护,劳工引入具有暂时性、配额管制、高度依附、"品质"管控等特点,差异既体现在对中国劳工的身份定位上,日本定位为"学习技能者",韩国和新加坡则定位为"劳动者";还体现在劳工引入方式上,日本引入模式为混合驱动型,韩国为政府主导型,新加坡则是市场驱动型。对三国中国劳工输入制度的比较研究,可以为中国对外劳务合作和海外劳工权益保护提供重要参考。

Japan, South Korea and Singapore are three major countries importing China’s labors. They all share two common characteristics and distinctive features as well in the system of importing Chinese workers. The former is demonstrated by the low-skilled or non-skilled work engaged in by Chinese workers and law protection across the three countries, whereas the latter is of the characteristics of importing workers with its temporary nature, quota control, high attachment, and ＂quality＂ control, etc. Their difference is seen from two aspects： identifcations of the Chinese workers＇ identities and ways of importing workers. In Japan, they are defned as skilled trainees, while in South Korea and Singapore they are labeled as workers, whilst the ways of importing workers are respectively mixed driven, namely government-led and market-driven. Thus, an important reference for China＇s foreign labors cooperation and labor rights protection can be used by making a comparative study on the system of importing Chinese workers in the three countries.