消费异化与生态危机——论威廉·莱斯资本主义批判的路径与方法

Consumption Alienation and Ecological Crisis——on the Path and Method of William Rice's Critique of Capitalism

马克思主义经典作家从政治经济学批判入手,剖析了资本主义社会在生产方式和分配方式两个方面存在的问题,从而论证了资本主义的未来命运。在此基础上,一些理论家从意识形态、政治原则、社会伦理、现代性危机等角度入手,提出了资本主义批判的相关理论。威廉·莱斯作为生态马克思主义的代表,将批判的重点放在消费异化问题上。而且,莱斯不是从社会供给而是从社会需求出发,对商品、需求、满足的关系进行了深入剖析,论证了生态危机爆发的不可避免性,进而过渡到制度批判的层面。这是莱斯资本主义批判的主要路径,也是其思想的独特性所在。

Starting from the critique of political economy, the classic Marxist writers analyzed the problems of the capitalist society in terms of production mode and distribution mode, and thus demonstrate the future destiny of capitalism. On this basis, some theorists started from the perspectives of ideology, political principles, social ethics, and modernity crisis, and put forward the relevant theories of capitalist criticism. As a representative of ecological Marxism, William Rice focused on the issue of consumption alienation. Moreover, Rice did not proceed from the social supply but from the social needs, and deeply analyzed the relationship between goods, demand and satisfaction, and demonstrated the inevitability of the outbreak of ecological crisis, and then transitioned to the level of institutional criticism. This is the main path of Rice＇s criticism of capitalism and the uniqueness of its ideas.