文学和神话人物花木兰新论——兼评湖北黄陂成为“木兰故里”的人文意义

A New Understanding of Literary and Mythical Figure Mulan——A Comment on the Humanistic Significance of Huangpi, Hubei Becoming the Hometown of Mulan

花木兰是北朝民歌《木兰辞》中描摹的文学形象。她是历史人物还是仅为文学人物,若是前者,她是何代人,她的里籍在哪儿?都有过长久的争论。今天的主流观点认为她是真实的历史人物,但对她所处时代和里籍仍是纷争不断。文章重新梳理各方观点,重申花木兰仅是文学人物,并且在木兰故事和传说的基础上神化为具有战神、生殖女神、水神、命运女神等神格的女神。因社会弘扬木兰精神,南齐时在今湖北黄陂北部设立过木兰县,后代以讹传讹,黄陂被认作是"木兰故里"之一。真实的演变过程当是:木兰故事(精神)→木兰县→木兰山→"木兰故里",其他各处所谓的"木兰故里",也该有类似的致误原因。

Hua Mulan is the literary image described in the folk song ＂The Ballad of Mulan＂ of the Northern Dynasties. Is she a historical figure or a literary one？ If she is the former, which generation does she belong to？ And where is she from？ There have been long-standing arguments over these questions. Today＇ s mainstream view holds that she is a true historical figure, but there still has controversies on which ages she lives in and where she comes from. This article therefore reorganizes the views of various parties and reiterates that Mulan is only a literary figure, and on the basis of Mulan＇s stories and legends, she is turned into a goddess with qualities of goddess of war, goddess of reproduction, goddess of water, goddess of fate and so on. Since the society promoted the spirit of Mulan, in the Nanqi Dynasty, and the increasingly distorted legends was spread by later generations. Mulan County was thus established in the north of Huangpi, Hubei Province. Therefore, Huangbi County was regarded as one of the ＂Mulan Hometown＂. The real evolution process is： Mulan story （spirit） ~ Mulan County→Mulan Mountain →＂Mulan Hometown＂; there are similar factors for the so-called ＂Mulan Hometown＂ in other places.