晚清变局与公羊学之“新命”

Changes in the Late Qing Dynasty and the“New Life”of Gongyang School

晚清公羊学主力常州学派,倡言"大一统",宣扬"通三统"、"张三世",专讲"微言大义",讥讽时政、批判现实、大谈改制,一时影响尤剧。公羊学所采取是"复古"与"取今"兼融的学术路径,但"复古"的首要目的不是"守旧",而是对文化身份的认同和确保;"取今"的目的不是"全盘西化",而是采用西方先进的思想激活传统文化所蕴藏的内在价值。总的来说,晚清公羊学呈现出四个显著特点,即"以经议政"、"变法改制"、"重建道统"、"发蒙启蔽"。

Changzhou School, the main force of Gong Yang School in the late Qing Dynasty, played a great role at that time. Its main task was to advocate the theory of ＂Da Yitong＂, preach the theory of ＂Tong Santong＂ and the theory of ＂Zhang Sanshi＂, and devote a special account of ＂sublime words with deep meaning＂. And it mostly aimed at ridiculing current politics, criticizing reality, and talking about restructuring. Gong Yang School adopts an academic path of the combination of ＂returning to the ancients＂ and ＂taking the present＂. However, the primary purpose of ＂returning to the ancients＂ does not mean to be ＂fogyism＂, but to recognize and guarantee cultural identity; and the purpose of ＂taking the present＂ does not mean to be ＂Westernization＂, but to use Western advanced ideas to activate the intrinsic value of traditional culture. In general, Gong Yang School in the late Qing Dynasty presents four distinctive features, namely, ＂discussing and handling affairs of government with Confucian classics＂, ＂reforming and reconstructing＂, and ＂enlightening. ＂