京杭大运河与区域社会变迁研究——基于江苏省窑湾镇为对象的考察

A Research on the Grand Beijing-to-Hangzhou Canal and Regional Social Changes——Based on an Investigation of Yaowan Town in Jiangsu Province

窑湾镇是京杭大运河沿岸的著名城镇,属重要的河工枢纽、漕运码头、商业中心,其区域社会的政治、经济、文化变迁充分体现了运河的影响,在江苏省运河城镇中非常具有典型性、代表性。窑湾镇的河工建设、水道整治主要集中于明代与清代,而商业发展则集中于清代中后期与民国中前期,这种情况的出现除与泇运河、中运河的开辟有很大关系外,同时也是国家治河政策调整、漕运变迁、区域社会现实需求等多种因素综合影响的结果。

Yaowan Town, a famous coastal town along the Grand Beijing to Hangzhou Canal, is an important river hub, harbor wharf, and commercial center. Its regional social political, economic and cultural changes fully reflect the influence of the canal, which is very typical and representative among the canal towns in Jiangsu province. The river construction and waterway regulation in Yaowan Town mainly concentrated in the Ming and Qing Dynasty while the commercial development mostly existed in the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of Republic of China. This result not only is closely related to the opening up of Jia canal and Zhong canal, but also arises from the combination of a variety of factors including the national policy adjustments on river regulation, the changes of water transport of grain, and the actual demands of regional society.