煤矿粉尘化学抑尘剂的试验研究

Experimental Study on Chemical Dust Suppressant of Coal Mine Dust

喷雾降尘是矿尘治理的手段之一,研究矿尘的润湿性和团聚性,对粉尘污染防治及矿井环境安全具有重要意义。以煤尘和岩尘为研究对象,利用毛细管上向渗透法、透过率法研究了不同种类、不同浓度表面活性剂、黏结剂以及酸碱试剂的润湿、团聚性能;优选了壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚-6(TX-6)、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚-7(TX-7)、可溶性淀粉、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、柠檬酸及氢氧化钠作为抑尘剂的基料和辅料,利用正交实验进行抑尘剂配方研究,得到针对煤尘和岩尘的3种抑尘剂。试验结果表明,喷洒抑尘剂后,炮采工作面的降尘效果显著:使用2#抑尘剂(0.5%TX-6、0.3%TX-7、0.05%可溶性淀粉、0.08%NaOH)后煤尘全尘降尘总效率为93%;使用1#抑尘剂(0.3%TX-6、0.4%TX-7、0.05%PAM、0.05%柠檬酸)后岩尘全尘降尘总效率为95%。

Spray and dust removal is one of the means of mine dust control. Studying wettability and agglomeration of mine dust is of great significance for dust pollution prevention and mine environmental safety. The wettability and agglomeration of coal and rock dust with different kinds and concentrations of surfactants, adhesives and acid and alkali reagents were investigated by capillary osmosis and transmittance. Nonylphenol polyoxyethylene-6（TX-6）, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene-7（TX-7）, soluble starch, polyacrylamide（PAM）, citric acid and sodium hydroxide（NaOH） were optimized as the base and auxiliary materials of dust suppressant. Orthogonal experiment was used to study the formulation of dust suppressant, and three kinds of dust suppressants were obtained for coal dust and rock dust. The test results showed that the dust removal efficiency of the blasting face was remarkable after spraying the dust suppressant： after using No.2 dust suppressant（0.5% TX-6, 0.3% TX-7, 0.05%soluble starch, 0.08%NaOH）, the total efficiency of coal dust removal was 93%; after the use of No. 1 dust suppressant（0.3%TX-6, 0.4% TX-7, 0.05% PAM, 0.05% citric acid）, the total dust removal efficiency of rock dust is 95%.