生物考古学视野下的梁带村芮国居民性别分工初探

The Gender Division of Labor of the Residents of the Rui State in Liangdai Village Shown in Bioarchaeological Perspective

韩城梁带村芮国墓地是近年周代考古的重大发现之一,对于探讨芮国历史、两周丧葬制度与社会风貌有重要的学术价值。本文从生物考古的角度着手,对梁带村芮国墓地小型墓葬居民肱骨、股骨、胫骨进行测量研究,发现男女性居民四肢骨发育程度差异不明显,再结合小型墓葬体量、形制与随葬品等方面分析,得出梁带村芮国墓地小型墓葬女性社会地位较高的结论。表明芮国女性承担了除家庭之外更多的工作,男女性存在性别分工。

The Cemetery of the Rui State at Liangdai Village in Hancheng City is one of the important discoveries of the archaeology of the Zhou Dynasty in recent years, which has signifcant academic values for the studies on the history of the Rui State, the funeral institutions and social features of the Zhou Dynasty. In the bioarchaeological perspective, this paper conducts measurement and study to the humeri, femurs and tibiae of the human skeletons from the small-sized burials in the Cemetery of the Rui State at Liangdai Village, and revealed that the diferences between the developments of the limb bones of the male and female residents of the Rui State were unclear; referring to the volumes, forms and grave goods of the small-sized burials of the Rui State at Liangdai Village, this paper draws the conclusion that the females of the Rui State in Liangdai Village had rather high social status. The study reveals that the females of the Rui State shared more job except for the housework, and gender division of labor existed between the male and female residents.