汉代西域烽火台夯筑工艺研究——以克孜尔尕哈烽火台为例

The Study on the Rammed-earth Construction Technique of the Beacon Towers of the Han Dynasty in the Western Regions——Case Study of the Kizil Gaha Beacon Tower

本文从夯筑历史、夯筑方式以及夯筑过程三方面对以克孜尔尕哈烽火台为代表的汉代西域烽火台夯筑工艺进行了研究。同时将其与中原汉长城以及河西走廊的汉代烽火台进行了比较,认为西域地区丝绸之路沿线的夯土建筑所采用的夯筑技术主要来自于中原地区。当时的工匠和士兵通过丝绸之路将西汉先进的夯筑工艺带到西域,并且为适应环境的变化,从中原传入的夯筑工艺结合当地建筑技法因地制宜的形成了新的技术特点,这为西域地区夯土建筑的发展奠定了重要的基础。

In the three aspects of history, method and process of the rammed-earth technique, this paper studied the rammed-earth methods of the beacon towers of the Han Dynasty in the Western Regions represented by the Kizil Gaha Beacon Tower. Meanwhile, this paper made comparison between the beacon towers of the Han Dynasty in the Western Regions and that in the Central Plains and Hexi Corridor, and pointed out that the ramming technique applied to the architectures in the Western Regions along the Silk Road were mainly from the Central Plains. The craftsmen and warriors at that time brought the advanced rammed-earth building techniques into the Western Regions via the Silk Road, and created new technical features with references to the local construction methods to adapt the technique to the local environment, which laid important foundation for the development of the rammed-earth architecture in the Western Regions.