中国社会主义改革开放的历史缘起——聚焦于新中国“一五”时期后毛泽东的艰难探索

The Historical Origin of China's Socialist Reform and Opening-Up: On Mao Ze-dong's Arduous Exploration after the First “Five-Year Plan” Period

2018年是改革开放40周年,我们应确立毛泽东对于中国的社会主义改革与开放应有的历史地位。在"一五"时期,毛泽东反对社会主义建设中的"教条主义",努力探索马克思列宁主义与中国实际的"第二次结合",明确提出进行社会主义建设方面的体制机制改革;努力破解"中央过于集权"的体制难题;提出改革"社会主义整个经济体制问题",强调"企业自治权"的重要性;提出改变"按行政方法管理经济"的要求;强调要大力发展"社会主义商品生产"。同时,毛泽东还努力探索向世界尤其向西方国家开放的可能性。在坚持社会主义的鲜明底色、致力于激活社会发展的内生动力、坚守社会主义中国的主体性等特征基础上,毛泽东的改革探索深刻影响着党的十一届三中全会后确立的改革开放路线。在中国特色社会主义进入新时代的今天,中国共产党将全面继承党领导人民努力探索社会主义建设道路的积极成果。

The year of 2018, the 40th anniversary of the reform and opening-up, shall witness the consolidation of the historical role of Mao Ze-dong in China's socialist reform and opening-up. During the first Five-Year-Plan period, Mao Zedong opposed"dogmatism"in socialist construction, imposed great efforts to"the second integration"of Marxism and China's reality, and clearly put forward the launch of institutional reform regarding socialist construction; he worked hard on the solution to the institutional knot of"overcentralized power dominated by the central authorities", proposed a reform of"the whole socialist economic system", and stressed"the autonomy of enterprise"; he also presented the requirement of changing the previous style of" managing economy via administrative means"and emphasized"socialist commodity production"should be vigorously developed. Meanwhile, Mao was engaged in exploring the possibility of opening to the world, especially to western countries. On basis of adherence to the marked grounding of socialism, dedication to activating the endogenous power of social development and the embrace of the characteristics of socialist China's subjectivity, Mao Ze-dong's exploration of reform exerted a profound impact on the guideline of the reform and opening-up established after the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee. As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, the CPC would comprehensively inherit the accomplishments of socialist construction under the leadership of precedent Party leaders.