制造汉文帝——司马迁《史记》文本与汉文帝的形象建构

Portrayal of Emperor Wen of Han——Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian and Emperor Wen of Han's Image Construction

《史记·孝文本纪》中的汉文帝给人以俭朴、宽容、仁德的形象,这一方面是由其特殊的诏令书写风格决定的,汉文帝的诏令带有强烈的"罪己"色彩,这些特殊风格的诏令是司马迁撰述《史记·孝文本纪》的史料基础;另一方面,司马迁似是有意建构一种圣德之君形象,其在《史记·孝文本纪》中对汉文帝的评价和称赞,其实是以"春秋笔法"对汉武帝的统治政策进行微文刺讥。司马迁对汉文帝形象的塑造,给我们提供了一种理解史书书写及其背后历史动因的新视角。

The Emperor Wen of Han impressed us with a frugal, tolerant and benevolent image in Biography of Emperor Xiaowen in Records of the Grand Historian. On the one hand, it was decided by the special writing style of the imperial edicts since the Emperor Wen of Han＇s edicts were featured by self-examination, which laid the foundation for Sima Qian＇s Records of the Grand Historian. On the other hand, Sima Qian intended to create a benevolent image of the Emperor Wen of Han in his book Emperor Wen of Han, actually satirizing the Emperor Wu of Han＇s spective in understanding the writing style of history books and the by appraising and speaking highly of the ruling policy, which gave us a new perhistorical motives behind it.